5g

Hydroxocobalamin

Hydroxocobalamin Acetate

Hydroxocobalamin, USP

Molecular Formula : C20 H12 N2 O11 S3 . 2Na

Hydroxy Naphthol Blue, Solid Dilution (This regent is deposited on crystals of sodium chloride), Reagent, ACS

Molecular Formula : C8 H10 O3

Molecular Formula : C3 H6 O2

Hydroxychloroquine Sulfate

Molecular Formula : ClH4NO

Molecular Formula : Cl D . D3 N O

Molecular Formula : H3NO4S

Hydroxymethylferrocene

Hydroxyurea

Molecular Formula : C3H7NO3

Molecular Formula : C21 H27 Cl N2 O2

Molecular Formula : C20 H37 N3 O13

Molecular Formula : C5 H4 N4 O

Hypoxanthine

Molecular Formula : C5H3N4NaO

Molecular Formula : C13 H17 O2 . 2 H2 O . Na

Molecular Formula : C33 H40 O15

Idebenone

Molecular Formula : C9 H11 I N2 O5

Interferon-beta (IFN-β), acting via STAT1 and STAT2, is known to upregulate and downregulate a wide variety of genes, most of which are involved in the antiviral immune response. It is a member of Type I IFNs, which include IFN-α, -β, τ, and –ω. IFN-β plays an important role in inducing non-specific resistance against a broad range of viral infections. It also affects cell proliferation and modulates immune responses.

Interleukin-11 is a pleiotropic cytokine that was originally detected in the conditioned medium of an IL-1α-stimulated primate bone marrow stromal cell line (PU-34) as a mitogen for the IL-6-responsive mouse plasmacytoma cell line T11. IL-11 has multiple effects on both hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells. Many of the biological effects described for IL-11 overlap with those for IL-6. In vitro, IL-11 can synergize with IL-3, IL-4 and SCF to shorten the G0 period of early hematopoietic progenitors. IL-11 also enhances the IL-3-dependent megakaryocyte colony formation. IL-11 has been found to stimulate the T cell-dependent development of specific immunoglobulin-secreting B cells.

Interleukin 12 (IL-12), also known as natural killer cell stimulatory factor (NKSF) or cytotoxic lymphocyte maturation factor (CLMF), is a pleiotropic cytokine originally identified in the medium of activated human B lymphoblastoid cell lines. The p40 subunit of IL-12 has been shown to have extensive amino acid sequence homology to the extracellular domain of the human IL-6 receptor while the p35 subunit shows distant but significant sequence similarity to IL-6, G-CSF, and chicken MGF. These observations have led to the suggestion that IL-12 might have evolved from a cytokine/soluble receptor complex. Human and mouse IL-12 share 70% and 60% amino acid sequence homology in their p40 and p35 subunits, respectively. IL-12 apparently shows species specificity with human IL-12 reportedly showing minimal activity in the mouse system.

Interleukin-4 (IL-4) is a pleiotropic cytokine regulates diverse T and B cell responses including cell proliferation, survival, and gene expression. It has important effects on the growth and differentiation of different immunologically competent cells. Interleukin-4 is produced by mast cells, T cells, and bone marrow stromal cells. IL-4 regulates the differentiation of native CD4+ T cells (Th0 cells) into helper Th2 cells, and regulates the immunoglobulin class switching to the IgG1 and IgE isotypes. IL-4 has numerous important biological functions including stimulating B-cells activation, T-cell proliferation and CD4+ T-cells differentiation to Th2 cells. It is a key regulator in hormone control and adaptive immunity. IL-4 also plays a major role in inflammation response and wound repair via activation of macrophage into M2 cells. IL-4 is stabilized by three disulphide bonds forming a compact globular protein structure. Four alpha-helix bundle with left-handed twist is dominated half of the protein structure with 2 overhand connections and fall into a 2-stranded anti-parallel beta sheet.

Interleukin-6 (IL-6), also known as BSF-2, CDF and IFNB2, is a pleiotropic cytokine that participates in both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory responses. It is produced mainly by T cells, macrophages, monocytes, endothelial cells and muscle cells. IL-6 binds to IL-6 receptor (IL-6R) to trigger the association of IL-6R with gp130, inducing signal transduction through JAKs and STATs. The biological functions of IL-6 are diverse. It stimulates B cell differentiation and antibody production, myeloma and plasmacytoma growth, and nerve cell differentiation. It also acts as a myokine, produced by muscle cells in response to muscle contraction and released into the blood stream to help break down fats and improve insulin resistance.

Interleukin-6 (IL-6), also known as BSF-2, CDF and IFNB2, is a pleiotropic cytokine that participates in both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory responses. It is produced mainly by T cells, macrophages, monocytes, endothelial cells and muscle cells. IL-6 binds to IL-6 receptor (IL-6R) to trigger the association of IL-6R with gp130, inducing signal transduction through JAKs and STATs. The biological functions of IL-6 are diverse. It stimulates B cell differentiation and antibody production, myeloma and plasmacytoma growth, and nerve cell differentiation. It also acts as a myokine, produced by muscle cells in response to muscle contraction and released into the blood stream to help break down fats and improve insulin resistance.

Interleukin-8 (IL-8), also known as CXCL8, GCP-1 and NAP-1, is one of the first discovered chemokines and belongs to the CXCL family, in which the first two conserved cysteines are separated by one residue. In vivo, IL-8 exists in two forms: a 77 a.a. protein produced by endothelial cells, and the more active 72 a.a. protein produced by monocytes. The receptors for IL-8 are the seven-helical G-protein coupled receptors CXCR1 and CXCR2, exclusively expressed on neutrophils. The functions of IL-8 are to induce rapid changes in cell morphology, activate integrins, and release the granule contents of neutrophils. Thus, IL-8 can enhance the antimicrobial actions of defense cells. It is secreted by monocytes, macrophages and endothelial cells. IL-8 signals through CXCR1 and CXCR2 to chemoattract neutrophils, basophils, and T cells. IL-8 is also a potent promoter of angiogenesis. Other functions of this protein, such as involvement in bronchiolitis pathogenesis, have also been reported.

Molecular Formula : C14 H14 Cl2 N2 O

Molecular Formula : C9 H10 Cl N5 O2

Molecular Formula : C7H6N2

Molecular Formula : C5 H6 N2 O2

Molecular Formula : C3 H4 N2

Imidazole-4-carboxaldehyde

Molecular Formula : C11 H16 N8 O8

Molecular Formula : C4 H7 N O4

Molecular Formula : C14 H11 N

Iminostilbene

Imipramine Hydrochloride

Molecular Formula : C19 H24 N2 . Cl H

Imipramine Hydrochloride, USP

Molecular Formula : C9 H10

Molecular Formula : C9H8N2O2

Molecular Formula : C16 H8 N2 O8 S2 . 2 Na

Molecular Formula : Cl3In

Indium(III) Chloride, Anhydrous [for General Organic Chemistry]

Indole-3-acetamide

Molecular Formula : C10 H8 N2