Description
CCL3 also known as macrophage inflammatory protein 1-a, is a member of the CC subfamily. It’s known that CCL3 is produced by monocytes/macrophages, lymphocytes, neutrophils as well as immune cells such as basophils, mast cells, fibroblasts, and dendritic cells. Meanwhile, CCL3 exerts various biological effects by binding to its three cell surface receptors, including CCR1, CCR3, and CCR5. MIP-1a induces a variety of pro-inflammatory activities such as leukocyte chemotaxis, and promotes the entry of T cells into the inflammatory tissue region from blood circulation. Chemotactic CD4+ cells, CD8+ cells, natural killer cells, and dendritic cells bind to the corresponding receptors and coordinate the occurrence of immune reactions in the immune response site by migrating through vascular endothelial cells. In addition, MIP-1a is considered as a key inflammatory mediator in granuloma, asthma, T1D as well as other autoimmune diseases.