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Macrophage-Colony Stimulating Factor (M-CSF), also known as Colony Stimulating Factor-1 (CSF-1), is a hematopoietic growth factor. It can stimulate the survival, proliferation and differentiation of mononuclear phagocytes, in addition to the spreading and motility of macrophages. In mammals, it exits three isoforms, which invariably share an N-terminal 32-aa signal peptide, a 149-residue growth factor domain, a 21-residue transmembrane region and a 37-aa cytoplasmictail. M-CSF is mainly produced by monocytes, macrophages, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells. M-CSF interaction with its receptor, c-fms, has been implicated in the growth, invasion, and metastasis of of several diseases, including breast and endometrial cancers. The biological activity of human M-CSF is maintained within the 149-aa growth factor domain, and it is only active in the disulfide-linked dimeric form, which is bonded at Cys63.

Mammary serine protease inhibitor (Maspin), also known as serpin B5 is a non-inhibitory serpin that is encoded by the SERPINB5 gene in humans. The protein is expressed predominantly in normal mammary epithelial cells but at significantly reduced levels or absent in most breast carcinomas. As it does not undergo the S (stressed) to R (relaxed) conformational transition characteristic of active serpins, it exhibits no serine protease inhibitory activity. The maspin functions as tumor suppressor, blocking the growth, invasion, and metastatic properties of mammary tumors. This anti-tumor activity is achieved, in part, by the ability of maspin to inhibit angiogenesis and to preferentially promote apoptosis of tumor cells.

CCL2, also known as monocyte chemotactic and activating factor (MCAF), was initially purified independently by two groups based on its ability to chemoattract monocytes. Subsequent to its cloning and sequencing, it became evident that this protein is also identical to the product of the human JE gene. The JE gene, originally identified in mouse fibroblasts, is a plateletderived growth factor (PDGF)inducible gene. The human CCL2 cDNA encodes a 99 amino acid residue precursor protein with a 23 residue hydrophobic signal peptide that is cleaved to generate the 76 residue mature protein. Natural CCL2 is heterogeneous in size due to the addition of Olinked carbohydrates and sialic acid residues. In addition to fibroblasts; tumor cells, smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, and mononuclear phagocytes can also produce CCL2 either constitutively or upon stimulation by various stimuli. CCL2 is a member of the β (CC) subfamily of chemokines. Recently, the existence of MCP2 and MCP3 with 62% and 73% amino acid identity respectively, to CCL2 have been reported.

Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) is also referred to as monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP1) and small inducible cytokine A2. CCL2 is a small cytokine that belongs to the CC chemokine family. CCL2 recruits monocytes, memory T cells, and dendritic cells to the sites of inflammation produced by either tissue injury or infection. CCL2 is implicated in the pathogeneses of several types of disease characterized by monocytic infiltrates, such as psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis and atherosclerosis. CCL2 is anchored in the plasma membrane of endothelial cells by glycosaminoglycan side chains of proteoglycans. CCL2 is primarily secreted by monocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells. CCL2 can signal through the CCR2 receptor.

Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 7 (CCL7) is a small cytokine that was previously called monocyte-specific chemokine 3 (MCP-3). Due to CCL7 possessing two adjacent N-terminal cysteine residues in its mature form, it is classified within the subfamily of chemokines known as CC chemokines. CCL7 specifically attracts monocytes, and regulates macrophage function. It is produced by certain tumor cell lines and by macrophages. This chemokine is located on chromosome 17 in humans, within a large cluster containing many other CC chemokines and is most closely related to CCL2. CCL7 can signal through the CCR1, CCR2 and CCR3 receptors.

Mesothelin, also known as MSLN, is a 40 kDa protein that is expressed in mesothelial cells. It has been reported that this protein is over expressed in several human tumors, including mesothelioma, ovarian cancer, pancreatic adenocarcinoma, lung adenocarcinoma, and cholangiocarcinoma. Mesothelin can bind MUC16 (also known as CA125), indicating that the interaction of mesothelin and MUC16 may contribute to the implantation and peritoneal spread of tumors by cell adhesion. Since mesothelin is overexpressed in several cancers and is immunogenic, the protein could be exploited as tumor marker or as the antigenic target of a therapeutic cancer vaccine.

Mesothelin, also known as MSLN, is a 40 kDa protein that is expressed in mesothelial cells. It has been reported that this protein is over expressed in several human tumors, including mesothelioma, ovarian cancer, pancreatic adenocarcinoma, lung adenocarcinoma, and cholangiocarcinoma. Mesothelin can bind MUC16 (also known as CA125), indicating that the interaction of mesothelin and MUC16 may contribute to the implantation and peritoneal spread of tumors by cell adhesion. Since mesothelin is overexpressed in several cancers and is immunogenic, the protein could be exploited as tumor marker or as the antigenic target of a therapeutic cancer vaccine.

Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF) is a pleiotropic cytokine, existing as a homotrimer in vivo. MIF was originally identified as a T cell derived factor responsible for the inhibition of macrophage migration. However, recently MIF has received much more attention because of its possible roles in angiogenesis and cancer development. MIF is over-expressed in various cancers, including pancreatic, breast, colon, brain, prostate, skin, and lung. The intratumoral expression of MIF is strongly correlated with angiogenic growth factor expression, such as the expression of Interleukin 8 (IL-8) and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF), and with risk of recurrence after resection.

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF or MMIF), also named as glycosylation-inhibiting factor (GIF), L-dopachrome isomerase, or phenylpyruvate tautomerase, is a protein encoded by the MIF gene. It is released from white blood cells by bacterial antigen stimulation to trigger an acute immune response, or by glucocorticoids to counter-act the inhibitory effects of glucocorticoids on immune system. MIF is a homotrimer of which each subunit contains 115 amino acids. As mentioned above, MIF is involved in the innate immune response to bacterial pathogens and counter-acts the anti-inflammatory activity of glucocorticoids. Furthermore, it also plays a role as mediator in regulating the function of macrophages in host defense and has phenylpyruvate tautomerase and dopachrome tautomerase activity in vitro. Mouse MIF is active on human cells, while human MIF is active on mouse cells. Mouse MIF is 99 %, 84 %, 90 %, and 90 % a.a. identical to rat, porcine, bovine and human MIF, respectively.

Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 9 (CXCL9), also known as monokine induced by interferon gamma (MIG), is a small cytokine belonging to the CXC chemokine family. The CXCL9 gene is induced in macrophages and in primary glial cells of the central nervous system specifically in response to IFNγ. CXCL9 has been shown to be a chemoattractant for activated T-lymphocytes and TIL but not for neutrophils or monocytes. The human CXCL9 cDNA encodes a 125 amino acid residue precursor protein with a 22 amino acid residue signal peptide that is cleaved to yield a 103 amino acid residue mature protein. CXCL9 has an extended carboxy-terminus containing greater than 50% basic amino acid residues and is larger than most other chemokines. A chemokine receptor (CXCR3) specific for CXCL9 and IP-10 has recently been cloned and shown to be highly expressed in IL-2-activated T-lymphocytes.

Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 9 (CXCL9), also known as monokine induced by interferon gamma (MIG), is a small cytokine belonging to the CXC chemokine family.The CXCL9 gene is induced in macrophages and in primary glialcells of the central nervous systemin response to IFN­γ. CXCL9 has been shown to be achemo attractant for activated Th1lymphocytes and tumor-infiltrating leukocytes (TILs) but not for neutrophils or monocytes. CXCL is also involved in other cellular activities including inhibition of tumor growth, angiogenesis, and inhibition of colony formation of hematopoietic progenitors. CXCL9 is closely related to two other CXC chemokines, CXCL10 and CXCL11.CXCL9, CXCL10 and CXCL11 all elicit their chemotactic functions by interacting with the chemokine receptor CXCR3.

Human Chemokine (C-C Motif) Ligand 3 (CCL3) is a small cytokine belonging to the CC chemokine family. CCL3 is primarily expressed in T cells, B cells, and monocytes after antigen or mitogen stimulation. CCL3 exhibits chemoattractive and adhesive effects on lymphocytes. CCL3 exerts multiple effects on hematopoietic precursor cells and inhibits the proliferation of hematopoietic stem cells in vitro as well as in vivo. CCR1 and CCR5 have been identified as functional receptors for CCL3.

Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2 (CXCL2) is a small cytokine belonging to the CXC chemokine family that is also referred to as macrophage inflammatory protein 2-alpha (MIP2-alpha), Growth-regulated protein beta (Gro-beta) and Gro oncogene-2 (Gro-2). CXCL2 is secreted by monocytes and macrophages and is chemotactic for polymorphonuclear leukocytes and hematopoietic stem cells. CXCL2’s amino acid sequence is 90% identical to the amino acid sequence of related chemokine, CXCL1. CXCL2 signals through the CXCR2 receptor.

Macrophage Inflammatory Protein-3 (MIP-3α), also known as chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 20 (CCL20) or liver activation regulated chemokine (LARC), is a small cytokine belonging to the CC chemokine family. MIP-3α is expressed in the liver, lymph nodes, appendix, PBL and lung and can signal through the CCR6 receptor. It is strongly chemotactic for lymphocytes and weakly attracts neutrophils. MIP-3α is implicated in the formation and function of mucosal lymphoid tissues via chemoattraction of lymphocytes and dendritic cells toward the epithelial cells surrounding these tissues. Additionally, it promotes the adhesion of memory CD4+ T cells and inhibits colony formation of bone marrow myeloid immature progenitors.

Macrophage Inflammatory Protein-3 (MIP-3α), also known as chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 20 (CCL20) or liver activation regulated chemokine (LARC), is a small cytokine belonging to the CC chemokine family. MIP-3α is expressed in the liver, lymph nodes, appendix, PBL and lung and can signal through the CCR6 receptor. It is strongly chemotactic for lymphocytes and weakly attracts neutrophils. MIP-3α is implicated in the formation and function of mucosal lymphoid tissues via chemoattraction of lymphocytes and dendritic cells toward the epithelial cells surrounding these tissues. Additionally, it promotes the adhesion of memory CD4+ T cells and inhibits colony formation of bone marrow myeloid immature progenitors.

Macrophage Inflammatory Protein-3 (MIP-3α), also known as chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 20 (CCL20) or liver activation regulated chemokine (LARC), is a small cytokine belonging to the CC chemokine family. MIP-3α is expressed in the liver, lymph nodes, appendix, PBL and lung and can signal through the CCR6 receptor. It is strongly chemotactic for lymphocytes and weakly attracts neutrophils. MIP-3α is implicated in the formation and function of mucosal lymphoid tissues via chemoattraction of lymphocytes and dendritic cells toward the epithelial cells surrounding these tissues. Additionally, it promotes the adhesion of memory CD4+ T cells and inhibits colony formation of bone marrow myeloid immature progenitors.

CCL18, is a novel CC chemokine that is highly homologous to MIP-1α (61% amino acid sequence identity). CCL18 cDNA encodes an 89 aa residue precursor protein with a 20 aa putative signal peptide that is cleaved to generate a 69 aa residue mature protein which lacks potential glycosylation sites. In vitro, CCL18 mRNA expression is induced in alternatively activated macrophages by Th2 cytokines such as IL-4, IL-10 and IL-13, and inhibited by IFN-γ. CCL18 mRNA is also expressed by GM-CSF/IL-4-induced monocyte-derived dendritic cells. In vivo, CCL18 is highly expressed in lung and placenta but is not expressed in epidermal Langerhans cells. Recombinant CCL18 has been shown to chemoattract naive T cells, but not monocytes or neutrophils.

The A29L protein from Monkeypox binds to cell surface heparin to promote fusion of viral membrane with host plasma membrane, it is a potential target for developing diagnosis and vaccine.

The L1R protein from Monkeypox is crucial for viral growth and virion morphogenesis, it is a potential target for developing diagnosis and vaccine.

Rabbit anti-mouse monoclonal antibody is a secondary antibody which recognizes mouse immunoglobulins with high affinity. It is a useful tool for the detection, sorting, capture or purification of its specified target. It can be used in several analysis systems such as ELISA or Western Blot (WB), Immunohistochemistry (IHC), Flow Cytometry (FACS) and Time-resolved fluorescence immunoassay (TRFIA). It also can be used to develop secondary antibody-coupled magnetic beads for immunoprecipitation (IP), Co-IP, and isolation of cells.

Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is a glycoprotein dimer. It is a member of the transforming growth factor-β superfamily. AMH is a hormone produced by small follicles in the ovary. It is a novel fertility marker to assess ovarian reserve levels.

Biotin is widely conjugated to proteins and antibodies for biochemical assays. Avidin (streptavidin)-biotin system is commonly used for many immunoassays such as ELISA, Flow Cytometry, Immunofluorescence, In Situ Hybridization, and Immunohistochemistry. Anti-Biotin mAb is a better alternative to avidins to minimize background and maximize signal intensity.

Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) is a derivative of fluorescein used in wide-ranging applications including flow cytometry. It is the original fluorescein molecule functionalized with an isothiocyanate reactive group (-N=C=S), replacing a hydrogen atom on the bottom ring of the structure. This derivative is reactive towards nucleophiles including amine and sulfhydryl groups on proteins.

Interleukin-6 (IL6) is a multi-functional cytokine, produced by variety of cells including T-cells, B-cells, monocytes, fibroblasts, keratinocytes, endothelial cells, mesangial cells, astrocytes and bone marrow stroma cells. It is involved in the induction of B-cell differentiation, growth promotion of myeloma cells and proliferation and differentiation of T cells. IL6 can regulate immune responses, acute phase reactions and hematopoiesis.

MSH6, also known as MutS protein homolog 6, is a member of the Mutator S (MutS) family of proteins. It functions to repair mutations during DNA replication. MSH6 is a useful in diagnostics of gastrointestinal tract cancer.

BNP and NT-proBNP are separated from precursor molecule proBNP via proteolytic processing. The BNP and NT-proBNP level in blood are proportional to the severity of cardiac dysfunction. They can be used for diagnosis of congestive heart failure (CHF).

BNP and NT-proBNP are separated from precursor molecule proBNP via proteolytic processing. The BNP and NT-proBNP level in blood are proportional to the severity of cardiac dysfunction. They can be used for diagnosis of congestive heart failure (CHF).

It is type I transmembrane glycoprotein that belongs to the B7 family. PD-L1 is expressed on T cells, B cells, NK cells, dendritic cells, IFN-γ activated endothelial cells, and monocytes. It plays a role in regulating T cell responses. The interaction of PD-L1 with PD-1 inhibits T cell proliferation and cytokine production.

It is type I transmembrane glycoprotein that belongs to the B7 family. PD-L1 is expressed on T cells, B cells, NK cells, dendritic cells, IFN-γ activated endothelial cells, and monocytes. It plays a role in regulating T cell responses. The interaction of PD-L1 with PD-1 inhibits T cell proliferation and cytokine production.

The product is specific for SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein S1 subunit and its RBD domain.

The product is specific for SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein S1 subunit and its RBD domain.

The product is specific for SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein S1 subunit and its RBD domain. The product can recognize and neutralize Wild-Type SARS-CoV-2 and Variants of Concern (VOC) including Alpha, Beta, Delta, and Omicron. Reactivity with Gamma variant has not been tested.

The product is specific for SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein S1 subunit and its RBD domain. The product can recognize and neutralize Wild-Type SARS-CoV-2 and five Variants of Concern (VOC) including Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, and Omicron.

GenScript MonoRab™ SARS-CoV-2 Spike (417N) Neutralizing Antibody (21F1), mAb, Rabbit is specific for 417N site of B.1.351 (SARS-CoV-2 Beta VOC) RBD. This product can recognize RBD single mutant (K417N) and RBD triple mutant (K417N, E484K, and N501Y), but can’t recognize the wild type RBD, RBD single mutant (N501Y), and RBD single mutant (E484K).

The product is specific for SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein S1 subunit and its RBD domain.

GenScript Purified Mouse IgG (Whole Molecule) Control is highly purified from normal mouse serum through Protein A chromatography.GenScript Purified Mouse IgG (Whole Molecule) Control is suitable to be used as control, standard, blocking agent, or coating protein in a variety of assays, including ELISA, immunobloting (Dot blot and Western blot), immunoprecipitation, immunodiffusion, and immunoelectrophoresis.It may also be used as antigen or ligand in immunochemical conjugation reaction.

Mouse IgG1 control (Whole Molecule), Purified is suitable to be used as control, standard, blocking agent, or coating protein in a variety of assays, including ELISA, FACS, ICC immunoblotting, Dot blot, Western blot, immunoprecipitation, immunodiffusion, and immunoelectrophoresis.It may also be used as antigen or ligand in immunochemical conjugation reaction.GenScript Mouse IgG1 control (Whole Molecule), Purified is highly purified from culture supernatant from roller bottle through Protein A affinity column.GenScript Mouse IgG1 control (Whole Molecule), Purified is produced from the hybridoma resulting from fusion of SP2/0-Ag14 myeloma and B-lymphocytes.

Mouse IgG2a control (Whole Molecule), Purified is suitable to be used as control, standard, blocking agent, or coating protein in a variety of assays, including ELISA, FACS, ICC immunoblotting, Dot blot, Western blot, immunoprecipitation, immunodiffusion, and immunoelectrophoresis. It may also be used as antigen or ligand in immunochemical conjugation reaction.GenScript Mouse IgG2a control (Whole Molecule), Purified is highly purified from cell culture in vitro under conditions free from animal-derived components through Protein A affinity column.

Mouse IgG2b control (Whole Molecule), Purified is suitable to be used as control, standard, blocking agent, or coating protein in a variety of assays, including ELISA, immunobloting (Dot blot and Western blot), immunoprecipitation, immunodiffusion, and immunoelectrophoresis. It may also be used as antigen or ligand in immunochemical conjugation reaction. GenScript Mouse IgG2b control (Whole Molecule)is highly purified from normal mouse ascites through Protein A affinity column and produced from the hybridoma resulting from fusion of SP2/0-Ag14 myeloma and B-lymphocytes.

Myoglobin (symbol Mb or MB) is an iron-and oxygen-binding protein. Its level in blood increases above normal levels at the beginning of myocardial necrosis associated with myocardial infarction (MI). It is used as a diagnosis marker for skeletal or myocardial muscle injury.

Myoglobin (symbol Mb or MB) is an iron-and oxygen-binding protein. Its level in blood increases above normal levels at the beginning of myocardial necrosis associated with myocardial infarction (MI). It is used as a diagnosis marker for skeletal or myocardial muscle injury.

Myoglobin (symbol Mb or MB) is an iron-and oxygen-binding protein. Its level in blood increases above normal levels at the beginning of myocardial necrosis associated with myocardial infarction (MI). It is used as a diagnosis marker for skeletal or myocardial muscle injury.

Myoglobin (symbol Mb or MB) is an iron-and oxygen-binding protein. Its level in blood increases above normal levels at the beginning of myocardial necrosis associated with myocardial infarction (MI). It is used as a diagnosis marker for skeletal or myocardial muscle injury.

Neutrophil Activating Peptide 2 (NAP-2) is proteolytically processed carboxyl-terminal fragments of platelet basic protein (PBP) which is found in the alpha-granules of human platelets. NAP-2 is a member of the CXC chemokines. Similar to other ELR domain containing CXC chemokines such as IL-8 and the GRO proteins, NAP-2 has been shown to bind CXCR-2 and to chemoattract and activate neutrophils. Although CTAP-III, β-TG and PBP represent amino-terminal extended variants of NAP-2 and possess the same CXC chemokine domains, these proteins do not exhibit NAP-2 activity. Recently, it has been shown that the additional amino-terminal residues of CTAP-III masks the critical ELR receptor binding domain that is exposed on NAP-2 and may account for lack of NAP-2 activity.

Nectin-2, also known as CD112 (Cluster of Differentiation 226) and PVRL2 (Poliovirus receptor-related 2), is a human plasma membrane glycoprotein. This protein is a modulator of T-cell signaling and can be either a costimulator of T-cell function or a coinhibitor, depending on the receptor it binds to. Upon binding to CD226, it stimulates T-cell proliferation and cytokine production, including that of IL-2, IL-5, IL-10, IL-13, and IFNγ. It can also inhibit T-cell proliferation upon interaction with PVRIG. Nectin-2 also acts as a receptor for herpes simplex virus 1 (HHV-1) mutant Rid1, herpes simplex virus 1 (HHV-2) and pseudorabies virus (PRV).

NGAL (Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, also known as lipocalin-2) is a small protein found in renal tubules. And its expression is dramatically increased in ischemic or nephrotoxic injury. It has been implicated in a variety of processes including cell differentiation, proliferation, survival and morphogenesis. NGAL is expressed in variety of tumor types including breast, ovary and pancreatic carcinomas.

NGAL (Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, also known as lipocalin-2) is a small protein found in renal tubules. And its expression is dramatically increased in ischemic or nephrotoxic injury. It has been implicated in a variety of processes including cell differentiation, proliferation, survival and morphogenesis. NGAL is expressed in variety of tumor types including breast, ovary and pancreatic carcinomas.

NGF Receptor, also known as Gp80-LNGFR, p75 ICD, CD271 and TNFRSF16, is a type I transmembrane protein belonging to the TNF receptor family. It is expressed by both neuronal and non-neuronal cells. Signaling through NGF Receptor has been shown to regulate gene expression, cell migration and death. A truncated NGF Receptor containing only the extracellular domain has been detected in plasma, amniotic fluid and urine, and acts as a potent NGF antagonist.

Noggin, also known as NOG, is a homodimeric glycoprotein that bindsto and modulates the activity of TGF-beta family ligands. It is expressed in condensing cartilage and immature chondrocytes. Noggin antagonizes bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) activities by blocking epitopes on BMPs needed for binding to their receptors. Noggin has been shown to be involved in many developmental processes, such as neural tube formation and joint formation. During development, Noggin diffuses through extracellular matrices and forms morphogenic gradients, regulating cellular responses dependent on the local concentration of the signaling molecule.

Neuron-Specific
Enolase (NSE) is recognized as a biomarker for small cell lung cancer. It is
secreted from neuroendocrine cells as well as neurogenic tumors. Its levels in
NSE-secreting neoplasms correlate with tumor mass and tumor metabolic activity.