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Oncostatin M (OSM) is a multifunctional cytokine, and belongs to Interleukin-6 (IL-6) subfamily, which also includes IL-11, leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), ciliary neurotropic factor, cardiotrophin-1, and novel neurotropin-1. In vivo, OSM is secreted from activated T cells, monocytes, neutrophils, and endothelial cells. OSM is related to LIF, and shares a receptor with LIF in human. Human OSM can bind to gp130 and recruit OSM Receptor β or LIF Receptor β to form a ternary complex. OSM stimulates the growth of different types of cells, including megakaryocytes, fibroblasts, vascular endothelial cells, and T cells. OSM inhibits the proliferation of several cancer cell lines, such as solid tissue tumor cells, lung cancer cells, melanoma cells, and breast cancer cells.

Oncostatin M (OSM) is a multifunctional cytokine, and belongs to Interleukin-6 (IL-6) subfamily, including IL-11, leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), ciliary neurotropic factor, cardiotrophin-1, and novel neurotropin-1. In vivo, OSM is secreted from activated T cells, monocytes, neutrophils, and endothelial cells. OSM is related to LIF, and share a receptor with LIF in human. Human OSM can bind to gp130 and recruit OSM Receptor β or LIF Receptor β to form a ternary complex. OSM stimulates the growth of different types of cells, including megakaryocytes, fibroblasts, vascular endothelial cells, and T cells. On the other hand, OSM inhibits the proliferation of several cancer cell lines, such as solid tissue tumor cells, lung cancer cells, melanoma cells, and breast cancer cells.

Oncostatin M (OSM) is a multifunctional cytokine, and belongs to Interleukin-6 (IL-6) subfamily, which also includes IL-11, leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), ciliary neurotropic factor, cardiotrophin-1, and novel neurotropin-1. In vivo, OSM is secreted from activated T cells, monocytes, neutrophils, and endothelial cells. OSM is related to LIF, and shares a receptor with LIF in human. Human OSM can bind to gp130 and recruit OSM Receptor β or LIF Receptor β to form a ternary complex. OSM stimulates the growth of different types of cells, including megakaryocytes, fibroblasts, vascular endothelial cells, and T cells. OSM inhibits the proliferation of several cancer cell lines, such as solid tissue tumor cells, lung cancer cells, melanoma cells, and breast cancer cells.

Oncostatin M (OSM) is a multifunctional cytokine, and belongs to Interleukin-6 (IL-6) subfamily, which also includes IL-11, leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), ciliary neurotropic factor, cardiotrophin-1, and novel neurotropin-1. In vivo, OSM is secreted from activated T cells, monocytes, neutrophils, and endothelial cells. OSM is related to LIF, and shares a receptor with LIF in human. Human OSM can bind to gp130 and recruit OSM Receptor β or LIF Receptor β to form a ternary complex. OSM stimulates the growth of different types of cells, including megakaryocytes, fibroblasts, vascular endothelial cells, and T cells. OSM inhibits the proliferation of several cancer cell lines, such as solid tissue tumor cells, lung cancer cells, melanoma cells, and breast cancer cells.

Osmium Tetroxide, (4 Percent in Water)

Oxford Listeria Agar, 10 kg

Oxolinic Acid

p-Anisaldehyde, Reagent

p-Anisic Acid

p-Dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde

p-Naphtholbenzein

Microtubule associated protein tau is a neuronal microtubule-associated protein found predominantly in brain. Abnormal phosphorylation of tau is involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The tau protein phosphorylated at threonine 181 (p-tau181) is a promising diagnostic biomarker for AD.

Palladium on Charcoal, 5 Percent, Catalyst, Powder

Pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A) is a high molecular weight protein. htPAPP-A is a protein complex which comprises of two PAPP-A subunits and two proform of eosinophil major basic protein. It exists in the blood of pregnant woman. dPAPP-A is a htPAPP-A dimmer which is composed of two PAPP-A subunits. htPAPP-A serves as a useful marker for the diagnosis of Down syndrome (DS).

Pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A) is a high molecular weight protein. htPAPP-A is a protein complex which comprises of two PAPP-A subunits and two proform of eosinophil major basic protein. It exists in the blood of pregnant woman. dPAPP-A is a htPAPP-A dimmer which is composed of two PAPP-A subunits. htPAPP-A serves as a useful marker for the diagnosis of Down syndrome (DS).

PCR Rack for 0.2 mL Tubes or Assay Plates, 32-Place, Blue

PCT, a 116 amino acid (aa) protein, is comprised of three sections including a 57 aa N-terminal PCT, a 32 aa calcitonin and a 21 aa katacalcin. Calcitonin is a hormone, derived from PCT cleavage. PCT is a good diagnosis marker for bacterial infection. Other diseases such as sepsis, inflammation, surgery, heat shock, burn injuries and cardiogenic shock can also cause an increase of PCT level in blood.

PCT, a 116 amino acid (aa) protein, is comprised of three sections including a 57 aa N-terminal PCT, a 32 aa calcitonin and a 21 aa katacalcin. Calcitonin is a hormone, derived from PCT cleavage. PCT is a good diagnosis marker for bacterial infection. Other diseases such as sepsis, inflammation, surgery, heat shock, burn injuries and cardiogenic shock can also cause an increase of PCT level in blood.

PCT, a 116 amino acid (aa) protein, is comprised of three sections including a 57 aa N-terminal PCT, a 32 aa calcitonin and a 21 aa katacalcin. Calcitonin is a hormone, derived from PCT cleavage. PCT is a good diagnosis marker for bacterial infection. Other diseases such as sepsis, inflammation, surgery, heat shock, burn injuries and cardiogenic shock can also cause an increase of PCT level in blood.

PCT, a 116 amino acid (aa) protein, is comprised of three sections including a 57 aa N-terminal PCT, a 32 aa calcitonin and a 21 aa katacalcin. Calcitonin is a hormone, derived from PCT cleavage. PCT is a good diagnosis marker for bacterial infection. Other diseases such as sepsis, inflammation, surgery, heat shock, burn injuries and cardiogenic shock can also cause an increase of PCT level in blood.

Programmed Cell Death Protein 1 (PD-1), is cell surface receptor expressing on T cells and pro-B cells. The binding of PD-1 to its two ligands, PD-L1 and PD-L2, could result in down-regulation of the immune system by inhibiting the T-cell activation process. Thus, PD-1 is an important immune checkpoint and a popular target for therapeutic antibodies against many cancers.

Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) also known as cluster of differentiation 274 (CD274) or B7 homolog 1 (B7-H1), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CD274 gene. PD-L1 is a 40 kDa type 1 transmembrane protein that has been speculated to play a major role in suppressing the immune system during particular events such as pregnancy, tissue allografts, autoimmune disease and other disease states such as hepatitis. Normally the immune system reacts to foreign antigens where there is some accumulation in the lymph nodes or spleen which triggers a proliferation of antigen-specific CD8+ T cell. The formation of PD-1 receptor / PD-L1 or B7.1 receptor /PD-L1 ligand complex transmits an inhibitory signal which reduces the proliferation of these CD8+ T cells at the lymph nodes and supplementary to that PD-1 is also able to control the accumulation of foreign antigen specific T cells in the lymph nodes through apoptosis which is further mediated by a lower regulation of the gene Bcl-2. PD-L1 binds to its receptor, PD-1, found on activated T cells, B cells, and myeloid cells, to modulate activation or inhibition.

Platelet-Derived Growth Factor-AA (PDGF-AA) is one of five dimers (PDGF-AA, AB, BB, CC, and DD) formed by 4 different PDGF subunits. In chemical terms, platelet-derived growth factor is a dimeric glycoprotein composed of two A (-AA) or two B (-BB) chains or a combination of the two (-AB). The dimeric isoforms PDGF­AA, AB and BB are differentially expressed in various cell types, and their effects are mediated through two distinct receptors termed α and β. Differences exist in isoform binding to each receptor. Ingeneral, PDGF isoforms are potent mitogens for connective tissue cells including dermal fibroblasts, glial cells, arterial smooth muscle cells and some epithelial andendothelial cells. In addition to its activity as a mitogen, PDGF is chemotactic for fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells, neutrophils and mononuclear cells. PDGF-AA plays a significant role in blood vessel formation (angiogenesis).

Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) presenting in serum but absent from plasma was first discovered in an animal study by Lynch and co-workers in the late 1980s. It is a disulfide-linked dimer consisting of two peptides-chain A and chain B. PDGF has three subforms: PDGF-AA, PDGF-BB, and PDGF-AB. It is involved in many biological processes, including hyperplasia, embryonic neuron development, chemotaxis, and respiratory tubule epithelial cell development. The function of PDGF is mediated by two receptors (PDGFR-α and PDGFR-β).

Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) presenting in serum but absent from plasma was first discovered in animal study by Lynch and co-workers in the late 1980s. It is a disulfide-linked dimer consisting of two peptides-chain A and chain B. PDGF has three subforms: PDGF-AA, PDGF-BB, PDGF-AB. It is involved in a number of biological processes, including hyperplasia, embryonic neuron development, chemotaxis, and respiratory tubule epithelial cell development. The function of PDGF is mediated by two receptors (PDGFR-α and PDGFR-β).

Platelet-Derived Growth Factor-BB (PDGF-BB) is one of five dimers (PDGF-AA, AB, BB, CC, and DD) formed by 4 different PDGF subunits. In vivo, PDGF-BB is mainly produced in heart and placenta, and predominantly expressed by osteoblasts, fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells, and glial cells. An inactive precursor of PDGF-BB is produced in the endoplasmic reticulum and then activated by a proprotein convertase after secretion. PDGF-BB functions in a paracrine manner and promotes organogenesis, human skeletal development, and wound healing. PDGF-BB also promotes angiogenesis, particularly in the presence of Fibroblast Growth Factor basic. Therefore, PDGF-BB and its related pathways are potential pharmacological targets.